Unifying Bitcoin and Ethereum(EVM)

Bitcoin<>EVM<>Kaon

To demonstrate Kaon's integration of the Bitcoin and Ethereum ecosystems, the ensuing sections will compare vital concepts among the three platforms.

Kaon seamlessly unifies Bitcoin's security with Ethereum's flexibility, creating a powerful platform for innovative cross-chain applications.

Fundamentals

The section covers the foundational aspects of each platform, including transaction models, scripting languages, consensus mechanisms, smart contract support, wallet compatibility, development tools, private key standards, and address types.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Transaction Model

UTXO

Account-Based

UTXO with EVM Integration

Scripting Language

Bitcoin Script

Solidity

Bitcoin Script and Solidity

Consensus Mechanism

Proof of Work (PoW)

Proof of Work (PoW) / Proof of Stake (PoS)

Delegated Proof of Stake (dPoS) with BFT

Smart Contracts

Limited (via Scripts and Covenants)

Full Smart Contract Support via EVM

Full EVM Smart Contract Support

Wallet Compatibility

Bitcoin Wallets (e.g., Bitcoin Core)

Ethereum Wallets (e.g., MetaMask)

Compatible with Bitcoin and Ethereum Wallets

Development Tools

Bitcoin Core, BitcoinJS, Libbitcoin

Truffle, Hardhat, Remix, Web3.js, Ethers.js

Supports Bitcoin and Ethereum Development Tools

Private Keys

ECDSA (secp256k1)

ECDSA (secp256k1)

Same Private Keys as Bitcoin and Ethereum

Address Types

P2PKH, P2WSH, P2TR, P2WPKH, Bech32

0x Hex Addresses

Unified Address Format Supporting Both


Asset and State Management

This section examines asset ownership and management across platforms. It covers asset ownership models, BTC representation, state management strategies, asset locking mechanisms, and smart contract storage capabilities.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Asset Ownership

UTXOs

Account Balances

UTXOs with Smart Contract Capabilities

BTC Representation

Native BTC

Wrapped BTC (e.g., WBTC)

mirrorBTC (Direct Bitcoin Integration)

State Management

UTXO Set

World State

Hybrid State (UTXO + Contract State)

Asset Locking

Script-based Locks

Contract-based Locks

Covenant-Enhanced Smart Locks

Smart Contract Storage

None

Contract Storage

UTXO-Backed Storage


Transaction Mechanics

Process details involved in transaction verification, fee models, transaction ordering, mempool management, and transaction finality.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Transaction Verification

UTXO Validation

Contract Execution

Hybrid Validation (UTXO + Smart Contract)

Gas/Fee Model

UTXO-based Fees

Gas-based Fees

Unified Fee Model with Gas Abstraction

Transaction Ordering

Block-based

Nonce-based

Hybrid Ordering System

Mempool Management

UTXO-based

Account-based

Unified Mempool with Both Models

Transaction Finality

Probabilistic

Deterministic

Hybrid Finality Model


Interoperability and Composability

This section examines building interoperable and composable applications on Bitcoin and Ethereum. It covers the composability of scripts and smart contracts, methods for cross-chain communication, DeFi primitives, and token standards.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Composability

Limited Script Composition

Full Contract Composability

Cross-Chain Composability

Cross-Chain Communication

Atomic Swaps

Bridges & Oracles

Native Cross-Chain Verification

DeFi Primitives

Basic Scripts

Lending, AMMs, etc.

BTC-Native DeFi Primitives

Token Standards

Ordinals, BRC-20

ERC-20, ERC-721

Unified Token Standards

Layer 2 Solutions

Lightning Network

Rollups, Channels

Cross-Chain L2 Solutions


Security and Privacy

Highlights the security and privacy features of each platform, including signature schemes, privacy enhancements, Miner Extractable Value (MEV) protection, and state verification methods.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Signature Schemes

ECDSA, Schnorr

ECDSA

Multi-Scheme Support (ECDSA, Schnorr)

Privacy Features

CoinJoin, Taproot

Private Contracts

Enhanced Privacy with Smart Contracts

MEV Protection

UTXO-based Order

MEV Vulnerable

UTXO-based MEV Protection

State Verification

UTXO Merkle Tree

State Trie

Hybrid State Verification


Upgradability and Flexibility

The Upgradability and Flexibility section discusses the ability to upgrade scripts and contracts, and the methods for deploying contracts.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Script Upgrades

Soft Forks Required

Contract Upgrades

Flexible Upgrade Path

Contract Deployment

N/A

CREATE/CREATE2

Enhanced Deployment with UTXO Tracking


Miscellaneous

Additional concepts such as event systems and network participation models.

Concept

Bitcoin

Ethereum (EVM)

Kaon

Event System

Limited (Script)

Rich Event System

Enhanced Events with UTXO Tracking

Network Participation

Mining

Staking

Delegated Staking with UTXO Security


Conclusion

Kaon integrates the strengths of both Bitcoin and Ethereum networks to offer secure asset management, robust smart contracts, and effective interoperability without the need for traditional bridges. It empowers developers, whether working with Bitcoin or EVM, to unlock the full potential of these networks within a single, secure ecosystem.

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